KHAMPAT KULHBING LEH BUNGPUI

-B.Lalthangliana

KHAMPAT hi Mizoten an chenna khawpui hlui zinga an sawi theih hla ber a ni a, Kabaw phaikuam laili,tlema chhim lam hret,Kalemyo leh Tamu inkar motor kawng,Kalemyo atanga mel sawmli pasariha awm a ni.Khampatah chuan kulh ropui tak,mel khat bial vel dawn lai,mual tenau deuh tiata chhunpawn a awm a.Chu mi chhungah chuan kulhbing sawm lai a awm leh a.Bung hi chu mi kulhbing lai ta ber bula phun chu a ni,Kulhbing lai ta ber chu lalpa awmna a ni a.A dang pakuate chu khawnbawl awmna an ni.Khampat lalpa chu Kawl lalber hnuaia lal pakuate zinga pakhat a ni tih a ni bawk.Khampat location map

Khampat atanga an chhuah dawn chuan Luseite chuan Bung an phun a.An upate chuan malsawmin thu an thlung ta a.Hetiang deuh hian –

“Ka phun Bungpui dawi-ai ka sanna,

Mi khawih loh,sa khawih loh tein,

Thangin lian la Khuanu leng hualin;

I tangzar piallei a zam tikah,

Seifaten vangkhua rawn ding leh nang e.”

An kal chhuak chu an tam khawp mai a.Thlang lam kulh kawngkaa  mau tel hnih awm chu an rap ral raih a ni an ti.

Thlang an tlak zel hnu chuan rei fe hnuah pawh an la hre reng a ni awm e.An lung a leng hle a ni ang –

“Chhak tianga kan sulhnu,

Chumchi leng romei a kai chiai e,

Kan khaw phun bung a tha her liai e,

Kan khaw phun bung a her liai e,

A tang zarah kulva kawl leng maw?”

Hengte hi hla hlui leh titi an lo hriat dan chu a ni a.Tunlaia Mizo History chhuitute tan a zavaia pawm vek har deuh mah se,tlem azawng a dik hlauh takin tia tarlan a ni.A chhunga hma sang hla hlui leh titi ang deuhva thil lo thleng  dik thenkhatte a awm a.Chungte chu thenkhat chuan,mak an ti viau.

Khampat Bungpui zarin 1918-ah lei a dek a.He mi kum vek hian Zoram atangin Pu Sainguauva leh a hote chu Kawbaw phaikuam an lo thleng a.Khampat Bungpui chanchin sawi tan leh masa ber chu Rev.Dengkunga a ni a.1936 kham Khampat Bungpui hmunah a va kal a,Bungpui chu awm thleng vela sangah a teh ta a.Hlam sawmhnih leh pali laia lian a ni an ti.Tin,chhim lam zar chuan kulhbing a dek tawh a.Malu khuaa Kawl putar pakhatin Khampat Bungpui hi hmasang Luseiho phun Bung a ni e,tiin a lo hrilh a.

Zohmun khua 1947-a sattu Pu Hauliana(58) chu kum sawmriat laia upa Thenzen Kawl lalin Khampatah hman laiin Lusei te an lo cheng tawh thin a.He hmun hi an chhuahsan hmain Bung an phun thu te leh chu Khampat hmunah ngei chuan khua sat leh turin a rawn thin niin a sawi.

Rev.Tuahhranga chu Missionary pakhat Rev.Gordon nen 1924 nipui laiin Yazaju khuaah Pathian thu an sawi a.An sawi zawh veleh hcuan Kawl puatar tak pakhatin Khampat Bungpui chanchin a lo hrilh bawk niin a sawi a.

Thenzen Kawl khaw lal U Taih Nyunt(52) chuan a pa U Kyaw Oo(kum 75, thi tawh)-in Khampat Bungpui chanchin a hrilh thin a,Lusei te Bungpui a nih thu a lo hriattir tawh thin a ni.

Kawl ramah 1920-a pem lut a,Tuivar khaw lal Pu Sawithuama (73) pawhin Khampat Bungpui chanchin hi Kawl upate ka atangin a hre thin.

“Kum 1950 khan kan pi pute hmun hlui cheimawi leh turin Kawl sawrkar hnenah dil a ni a.Lusei sipai zinga officer thenkhat,Burma Lushai Association hruaitute nen Bungpui leh a a thuthlung leh Lusei chanchin tlem nen Pumphlet te siamin sawrkar hruaitu tam tak hnenah sem darhin kan hriattir a.

Tichuan sawrkar hriatpuiin 9 February 1952-ah Khampat ram awptu Thinzen lal (headman) hnenah mi pasarih kan va thleng ta a.A upahote ne hlim taka inkawmin,kan pi pute chanchin ngaihnawm tak leh Bungpui tangin lei a deh leh atanga Luseite lo kir leh mai tura an lo thlir kumkhua thu te min hrilh mawlh mawlh hlawm a.A tukah lal lehkha keng chuan,chuta tanga mel sarih laia hla Khampat Kawl hotu U Aung Ling-a in kan pan ta a.U Aung Ling-a leh a upa U Mya Pe chuan Khampat kulh chhung Bungpui hmunah chuan min hruai ta a.

Tlai dar thum velah kan zu thleng a.Kulh kawngka kan han lut a,Bungpui hmel kan hmu chu,engnge maw ti takin thinlung a thar a,lungte pawh a chhe rum rum mai a.Awm nghet tura kal kan nih avangin Bungpui bulah chuan,chu hmun chu tluang taka kan luah zel theihna turin Pathian hnenah kan tawngtai a.

Kan Bungpui chu a ziding sang tak,diar tiat zet a lian laiah chuan a tliak a,a lo tla thar sur mai a.Engtiziaa tliak nge a nih a,eng tika tliak nge a nih kan han zawh lah chuan anni chuan,”Kan hre bik lo,ni hnih khat lek a la ni ang,keini pawh tunah kan hmu ve chauh a ni,” an ti ve mai a.Tichuan chu mi hmunah chuan bawkte khawhin kan awm chilh a.

Tahan lamah chak dapa kan va kal haw lam chu 20 March 1952 velah Khampat chu kan thleng leh a.Kan Bungpui chu a kakpui hnuai mar tha lai tak,inchung chen zeta sangah chuan a lo tlik sawm leh rup mai a.Chutiang thing hlam sawmpariat vet laia lian, kawrawng leh him lohna dang pawh nei hauh si lo va,thing tangro ulh tliah hmawk ang maia rual taka lo tliak sawm ta rup mai chu hrilh a haiin ngaih te pawh a tha lo rum rum mai a.

Kan ngaihtha mang lo chuan kan vela Kawl upate kan han zawt a.Anni lah chuan, “In Bungpui a ni a,nangmahniin in hre zawk ang chu,” te min tihsan mai mai a.A tawpah chuan Yazaju puitiam un ber kum sawmkaw mi lai hnenah kan va kal a.

Ngaihthat loh tur a ni lo ve.Bungpui kha in aiawh a,pi pute thuthlunna a ni a.An thuthlun ang ngei khan mi khawih loh sa khawih lohin a lo thang lian a,a vel thing zawng zawng aia lian ber leh sang ber a ni a.A rah duh em em a,a zar leh lam rah chu lupui chunga tlain sanghaten an lo ei a.Chung lamah savaten an tlan a,hnuai lamah ramsaten an lo blan bawk a.Chutiang chuan Luseite hi heng lai vela ropui ber tur i ni.In pi pute thuthlung ang zelin thil a lo awm a.Bung zarin lei a deh a,in lo kir leh hnu hian Bungpui chu a nun a thiang tawh lo.In awm loh hlani in aiawhtu chauh a ni a,a thuthlung vawn chu a hlen tawh a,a thih a tul tawh a ni,” tiin min lo hrilh a.

Kum 1953 tir lamah khan Bungpui hmun chu kan chhuahsan leh a.Mel khat vela hla motor kawngpui bulah kan insawn ta a.March 1954 thla-ah bawkte tein in sawmsarih kan tling ta.

Chutih lai chuan Kawl ram hruaitute zinga hmingthang ber pakhat Minister U Kyaw Nyein lo kal chuan,”Khampatah chaw ka ei ang,” a ti a.Tichuan kan upa Pu K.Manliana nen kan pi pute sulhhnu leh Bungpui chanchin te chu an sawidun ta a.An titi zawh chuan U Kyaw Nyein-a chuan “Hei K.Manlianan Khampat ram hi kan ram tih leh Bungpui thu a sawi te hi a hriatpui in awm em?,” tiin Kawl upate chu a zawt a.Khampat chhehvel lal,kum sawmkua laia upa pakhat chuan a hma lama kan sawi tawh ang bawk khan, fiah takin a rawn chhang a.

Chutia thil engkim an hrilhfiah hnu chuan U Kyaw Ngein-a chuan ,”Khampat Bungpui ka hmu duh e,” a ti a.A tluk chhiat tawh thu an hrilh pawhin,”Ka hmu duh reng reng e,” a ti talh a.An zuk kal ta a.Bungpui tlu luangah chuan Kawl upa leh Pu K.Manlaian teho chuan Bungpui leh Lusei chanchin te chu an sawiho leh ta a.U Kyaw Ngein-a chuan,”Luseite hi in lo awm ngei tawh a,in hmun a ni ngei tih kan hriatpui a che u,”a ti a.

Tichuan U Kyaw Ngein-a haw hnu rei lo teah chuan Bungpui chu ram kangin a kangfai ta vek a.A zung mut te chu a kum leh February (1953) thla thlengin a la mut ta vang vang reng a ni.”

Heng zawng zawng hi mi hmasaten Khampat Bungpui leh kulhbing chanchin an lo hriat dan,mite sawi an lo dawn te leh anmahni ngei pawhin an hmuh leh hriatte an sawi leh an lo ziak chhuah te chu a ni a.A ngaihnawm hle a.Amaherawhchu History dik leh pawmawm a nih leh nih loh thlur atangin Historicity eng ang thleng nge a neih sawiho leh ta ila.

Khampat bungpui hi Pu Puna phun a ni, thenkhat chuan an ti a.He bungpui hi kulh nambar pathumna bula to a ni.Tunah chuan a vap tlingkhawm pawng deuh hlek chauh hmuh tur a awm tawh.He Bungpui khaw chhak lam hretah a zungpuak ni awm tak Bung lian fe a ding bawk a.Chung lai vela thing lian ber a tling tawh a.Tiang pawh pahnih lai a thlak nghe nghe.Tin, a kiang lawkah hian bung dang,Bungpui thi ta tiang atang a kung chang ta nia an sawi a ding leh bawk a.Kulh tlangpui pawn lamah hian bung dang pali lai a awm bawk.

Engpawh ni se,Bungpui ber a thih tawh avangin leh a dangte la awm bawk mah se hmasang Mizote phun a nih leh niengti kawng mahin finfiah theih a ni lo va.Thawnthu leh titia kan hriat ang hian awm rih mai sela.

Khampat kulhbing chungchang erawh hi chu chik deuha kan zir a ngai.A hma lamah khan,”Khampat lal chu Kawl lal ber hnuaia lal pakuate zing a mi a ni,” tiin an lo sawi thin na a.Hei hian pakua chiah tak tak kawk lovin,”tam tak zinga mi” tih ang deuha pawm tur a ni ang.A chhan chu pakua aia tam daih an awm avangin a ni.

Khampat kulh hi hrechiang turin ka study ngun hle a.Kan beih dan te,thian thaten tlawmngai tak ni tin min puih dan te chu dah thain kan hmuh chhuah,chhiattu tan hlawkna tur leh tangkai awmte chauh tarlang ila.He Khampat kulh hi lei chhun pawn vek a ni a.A kulh pawn lamah hian tuia hual vel niin a lang.Kulh san lam hi hmun thenkhatah chuan a pawn lam ft.75,46,65-a sang te an ni a.Kulh chhung san lam chu ft.46,35,42-te an ni thung.A chung zawl zau lam chu ft.13,16 te an ni.Heng kan tehna hmun te hi kulh la tha lai deuh,hmasang kutchhuak hmel pu lai ber awm hmun te thlan bik a ni nghe nghe.Tui hualna(tui kulh) ni awma rin te chu ft.25 laia zau te an ni.

Kulh kawngka te hi kawr a tlak hnem tawh em avangin hman lai kutchhuak nge, tui luanpawh chawp a,bawng rah khuar belh zel tih hriat thiam a har fu.

Kulh tlangpui ber (a pawn ber) h i a sang thain a chhah rinawm bik hle a.A chhunga mite erawh chu a tenau fe.A thente phei chu kulh a nih hriat harsa khawpa tenau leh pherh sawp tawh an ni.Kulh sawh tlangtu Nampalawng lui hmar lamah hian kulh a awm zel leh zel loh ni lengin kan zawng a.Kna hmu zo lo va.Chuvangin kulh hian hmar lamah lui a tlawhchhan niin a rinawm.

Kulh hi engtia zau nge tih hriat tumin kan teh chhuak ta vekl a.Kulh namber 7-na atang namber 16-na inkar hi mel 2.383 a sei a ni a.Nampalawng lui ding zela tehin kulh namber 1-na atanga 6-na inkar hi furlong 5.775 a ni.

Khampat hming hi Shan tawng a ni a.”Rangkachak thi khua” (Kham = rangkachak , pat = thi) tihna a ni.Nampalawng lui hming pawh hi Shan hming bawk, “Nghakhing lui”(Nam = lui emaw tui, Palaung = Nghaking)  tihna mai a ni.Hetiang deuh bawk hian Kabaw phaikuamah hian Shan tawng hming pu khaw sawmpahnih, lui hming pali aia tlem lo a awm.

Hmasang Mizote chu Khampatah hian an lo awm ngei tawh a ni tia upa titi leh thawnthua kan hriat thin hi record tha leh a ziak meuhin kawl lo mah ila,thu dik ngei a nih kan ring a.Amaherawhchu, zawhna pawimawh tak kan hmachhawn nghal rap a.Chu chu thenkhat rin angin tuna kan hmuh theih Khampat kulh hi hmasang Mizo kut chhuak a ni ang em? tih hi a ni.Hei hi ngun deuhin i han ching leh teh ang.

Burma ramah hian khawpui hlui tam tawk tak a awm a.Chungte chu Arial Photo Department, Archeaological Survey leh Historical Commision  te tangrualin a map te nen fel taka record tumin tun hma deuh atang khan an bei a.Tunah hian chung atanga an thawh rah khawpui hlui mep sawmnga lai lem chu kan nei tawh .Heng khawpuite hian pianhmang hrang hrang an nei hlawm.Killi (apuare) neia din khawpui te,kulli nei , a dung leh vang inchen lo (retangular) te, a bial (circular) te an ni.A then chu tuipui emaw, tui emaw tlawhchhana din te,tlang rinchhana tlang chunga din te an ni.

Khampat kulh hi chu a bial ang deuh, sawi ang reng si leh lui tlawhchhana din khawpui hlui zinga telh tur a ni ang.

Hetiang khawpa kulh nghet leh tha an din chuan hmelma chak tawk tak an nei ngei tihna a ni a.Hetiang din thei tur hian hmanrua leh hriamhrei tha tawk an neih a ngai ang.Tin,khawpui nun (urban civilization) nei tawh an ni ang a.An hmun hlui an chhuahsan hnu pawhin khawiah emaw,eng hunah emaw chuan chutiang zawl deuh thaw talin an indin chhuak leh ngeiin a rinawm.Heng hi khawvel history  kalhmang tlangpui leh awm dan an ni.

Hetiang tehna leh thlirna hawl pha tur hian Mizo History hi khalh chhuah tum ta ila.Bung hmasa lama sawi tawh ag khan Kabaw phaikuama an lo thlen hian Manipur leh Burma ram laili vela awm Kadu-hote inzawmna chu an chhu chat a.Chuvangin an indo thin kha a ni a.Kulh pawh inhumhim nan an mamawh ngei ang.

Tuna kan hmuh Khampat kulh ang din tur hi chuan hmanrua leh hriamhrei tih tlak an la nei lo ang.Thlai chin nan leh ram lama hna thawh nan hmanrua eng eng emaw te nei bawk mah se,hetiang kulh tha leh rinawm , tha tam tak seng a,hmaraw tha tawk nei mang lo chuan puitlin chi rual a ni lo.Puitlin theihna khawpa hriamhrei an la nei lo awm e.

Khampat kulh tuna kan hmuh ang chi-a chengte hi chu khawpui nun leh khawsak dana cheng ngei tawh an nih a rinawm.An khaw chhungah dawr te, bazar te,kut themthiam hmanga ei zawng te leh khawpui nihphung eng eng emaw hi chu an pha ngei tur a ni a.Mahse, Mizote hi chu 1890 hun daih tawh, Sapho an lo chhuah tirh lai meuh pawh khan hmasanga hnam mawl nunphung leh khwsak dan (primitive society) chauh niin an rawn hmu a.

Tin , mi tupawh khawpuia an chen tawh a,khawpui nun anga an lo khawsak thin tawh chuan, kum eng eng emaw chhung harsatna avangin hloh mah se,a hnuah a ni lo berah a ngai ang tal chuan nun an duh leh thin a.An ngaihtuahna khawvelah khawpui nun ang kha a bo thei lo va.An suangtuahnaah a cham fo thin.Chuvangin a hnu kum sawmngaah emaw, zaah emaw an din leh thin a ni.

Mizote Khampat atanga an chhuah hnu hian khawiah mah khawpui nun anga an chen leh thu hriatna a awm lo va.In tam deuhin khaw khatah chengho mah se,thingtlang nun hniam tak,khawpui pianhmang tel lo, mawl takin an khawsa thin niin a lang.

Chhiarpui hmasa ber 1901-ah khan Zoram mipui zat chu 78,478 a ni a.Kabaw phaikuama chen lai hi chuan hei ai hian an tlem ngei ang a.Mahse Khampat kulhbing chhunga cheng vek tur chuan an tam lutuk deuhin a lang.

Khampat kulh chhungah hian an cheng ngei lo ni ta sela.An aia chak zawk hmelmaten an nawr chhuak ni ngei tur a ni a.Mahse titiah leh thawnthuah chauh tal pawh an hmelmate an sawi hriatna a awm lo.Khawpui mi anga cheng leh nunphung hniam lutuk lo an nih chuan chhinchhiah theih a awm hle a.An hriat tlat lohna atang hian hetih lai hian khawpui nun leh khawsak dan chu an la pha lo hle niin a lang.

Hetianga chik fea kan han chin kan han chin hian,Khampat hmunah titi angin hmasang Mizote an chen ngei a rinawm na a,tuna hmuh theih kulhbing hi erawh chu an kutchhuak a nih kan ring thei lo a ni.A nih leh tu te kutchhuak leh eng huna an siam nge ni ang?

Kawl-ho leh Manipur-ho hi hman lai atangin an indo fo a.Ram an inchuh reng reng thin a.Konbaung Period (1752-1885)-ah phei chuan Khampat hi ramri khaw pawimawh tak a ni tawh a.Manipur-ho dan nana hmun pawimawh a tling.Chuvangin Khampat kulh hi a siam dan te,a pianhmang te, a kutchhuak hmelhman g te thlirin Kawl-hovin Manipur-ho dan nana ramri kulh anga an siam a nih a rinawm hle.Kum zabi 17 velah din a ni ang a.A pawimawh ang zelin hmun danga hmasang kulh thenkhat ang bawkin an belhchhah zel niin a lang.Tichuan kum zabi 18 leh 19 thlengin an siam belh chho zel a ni mai thei.Kulhbing hrang hrang a awm te,kulhbing insawhnaa kawngka an dah thliah te hi hmelma an lo luh huna kulh pawn ber atangin an lo do ang a.An hneh loh chuan a pahnihna, pathumna ti ang zelin do chunga hnungtawlh nan an siam a nih a rinawm hle a ni.

Thulakna: B.Lalthangliana , History of Mizo in Burma

* Foodnotes kan rawn tarlang ta lo.

* Thlalak : Khampat Bungpui dik tak (Mizo pi pute phun nia kan hriat) zung puak atanga lo to  Bungpui lem,2008-a lak a ni.